Researchers believe they have discovered the gene that controls purring in cats, shedding new light on this mysterious feline behavior.
Cats are known to purr for many reasons, including expressing contentment, self-soothing, and even helping bone healing. A study led by Yume Okamoto at Kyoto University in Japan examined the androgen receptor gene, which is linked to various cat behaviors.
The research involved 280 indoor, neutered or spayed mixed-breed domestic cats. The team conducted behavior tests and collected DNA samples. They compared the cats’ androgen receptor genes with those of other big cats like cheetahs, leopards, and tigers.
Their results showed a genetic basis for purring and vocal communication. Cats with the “short-type” androgen receptor gene were reported by their owners to purr more than those with the “long-type” gene. Male cats with the short-type gene were also more vocal with humans, while female cats with the gene showed more aggression toward strangers.
When comparing domestic cats to other Felidae species, the researchers found that domestic cats have a longer-type androgen receptor gene not seen in wild relatives. The study suggests that this longer gene may have emerged through domestication and selective breeding.
Many of the mixed-breed cats in the study were former strays, which may explain why rescue cats tend to be more vocal. Purebred cats, often raised by humans from kittenhood, are more likely to carry the long-type gene and rely less on vocal sounds.
The researchers now plan to study other wild cat species to further understand the genetic roots of cat communication.
Okamoto said they were moved by the strong public interest, receiving responses from 265 cat owners across Japan in just one day. The findings offer new insights into how cats communicate and how humans can better care for their feline companions.
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